Research
The evidence base, stated plainly.
The approach is grounded in the published literature on prehospital simulation, communication training, and skill transfer. A manuscript is in preparation and a needs assessment survey is in distribution with practicing Ontario paramedics. Below is what the literature establishes, and the full citations.
Complaints are communication driven
Oversight of paramedic services finds that most complaints trace to communication rather than clinical error.
New practitioners feel underprepared
Work on new practitioner preparedness reports gaps on exactly the calls that are emotionally complex, the ones outside procedure.
Prehospital simulation is mostly procedural
Reviews of prehospital simulation find it concentrated on procedures, leaving the communication demand largely unpracticed.
Fidelity that matters is functional
The transfer literature holds that functional demand, the cognitive and emotional load of the task, drives transfer more than physical realism. Simulated and standardized patients have an established record for training communication.
Full citations
- Office of the Ombudsman of Ontario. Oversight 911. May 2021.
- Michael T, Chapin LA, Quitoriano CD. BMC Med Educ. 2025;25(1):951.
- Abelsson A, Rystedt I, Suserud BO, Lindwall L. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2014;22:22.
- Rutherford-Hemming T, Herrington A, Ngo TP. Simul Healthc. 2024;19(1S):S122-S128.
- Kaplonyi J, et al. Med Educ. 2017;51(12):1209-1219.
- Hamstra SJ, et al. Acad Med. 2014;89(3):387-392.
- Norman G, Dore K, Grierson L. Med Educ. 2012;46(7):636-647.
Status of claims. Version 1 is built. Manuscript in preparation. Needs assessment survey in distribution. First pilots open Summer 2026, with a prospective pilot study planned across 2026 to 2027. Trademarks pending. Nothing here should be read as a completed or peer reviewed outcome finding.
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